Famous ARTIST QUOTES & STATEMENTS on modern art & life of the greatest contemporary painters & sculptors on their paintings & sculpture: art history facts, biography information
the quotes & statements, ideas, theory, information on methods & techniques, life history facts, comments, concepts, reflections are taken from:
artist letters, writings, inspiration notes, interviews, diary, talks, journals, essays, debates, notebooks, sayings, thoughts on paintings / sculptures, biography facts, philosophy, manifests
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Famous modern ARTIST QUOTES & STATEMENTS on art & life of the greatest contemporary painters: short manual
In the menu at the left the famous modern artists and greatest painters – with their quotes and statements, ideas, art theory, biography facts, comments and contemporary life information – are alphabetically placed. At the bottom of each individual artist-page you find more biography facts and some selected art links for more life history information, and images of their paintings and sculptures, made in 19th and 20th century.
In the menu at the right you find quotes about the art movements in contemporary and modern art history , described in short texts, with source.
Famous modern artists quotes – statements by contemporary greatest painters on art & life, paintings & sculpture; in 20th & 19th century art history
Famous modern artists and contemporary painters – male & female – are presented here with their quotes and statements on creating their modern art in life, including short biography facts and history information. All together the greatest artists of 19th & 20th century with their comments and ideas give us a good portray of each individual artist’s life, of his or her process of creation and all the necessary information, statements, notes, theory and reflections on their techniques, goals and methods as necessary tools for creating their modern or even contemporary art. So the famous modern artists & greatest painters by their quotes become an essential part of world’s modern art history, written & spoken!
Collecting and reading ideas and theory notes of one contemporary artist tells us a lot about how he or she made or makes efforts to create artworks in new visual FORMs. That is the essence of modern art, I believe: the creation of new FORMs. Then it is interesting to learn, what are the covering concepts and ideas, the necessary sources and moments of inspiration, private philosophy and thoughts, to enable them to materialize their imagination in new artistic forms, in paintings, sculptures and graphics! Artist quotes give us a good impression!
The invisible becomes visible because the modern artworks present – by imagination in material – a visual new form which we can see, touch, smell or hear. But before this new form comes into existence there are a lot of things to be done. To create modern art is a real job; it is hard work and demands a lot of courage, thinking, reflections on technique and methods, and inspiration.
First of all the contemporary artist must have the courage to be open and sensitive in daily life for the new; he or she must have faith in all the visual phantasies, presumptions and inspirations that just arise.
Then, every great painter has to express him / herself in terms of the existing modern world; there are art styles to express oneself, in theory, statements, concepts, ideas, philosophy or by recognized examples of already existing works in art history, like the famous Italian painter de Chirico who discovered early Renaissance painters as his strong source of inspiration from history of art; or take the modern sharp break with Impressionism by the French painter Cezanne who loved ‘his’ classical painters like Poussin. Moreover there are many techniques and construction-methods to fabricate the paintings and sculptures, and all kinds of new materials which evolve year by year, like the normal house-paint used by many Abstract Expressionist painters: contemporary metals, fibres etc. That’s only one way the time is floating through every single artwork; moreover every piece of art needs to find new expressions and forms, to be able to express floating and evolving time through human life.
Then, every great painter or sculptor has to make thoughts and will presume actively in temporarily statements just for personal use: writing down his or her inspirations and perceptions in ideas, essays, blogs, interviews and writings. Or perhaps by a poem like the Dada artists Kurt Schwitters and sculptor Hans Arp made together, or creating subtle monologues in a diary or in letters, day by day (the German famous woman painter Paula Modersohn-Becker did, for instance), notebooks, or vivid talks, like the minimalist sculptor Carl Andre loved to have with his public –or the powerful and energetic art exchanges like the great debates in Abstract Expressionism, well-organized by the painter Robert Motherwell, and unique in modern art history of 20th century.
Every artist has to develop secret inner visual thoughts, presumptions, theories or temporarily concepts, because they need to verify and compare what they are doing, some way or another. You will meet in these pages a huge collection of all kinds of artist ideas, comments, concepts in life quotes and statements; they all together give us an unique insight into the heart of creation of art – still in words, not yet materialized in FORM, or as later reflections.
The famous artists & painters quotes are, so to speak, a part of the world’s cultural heritage: a part of modern history itself. Their hidden meaning – all the collected ideas and thoughts of the artists, spoken or written; they establish a system or network full of art tracks for the others, the next generation – as an encouraging force or just as naked but inspirational roots, left by art history. This is the same for the people who just love modern art and use it as daily inspiration. The life quotes & statements with their many biography facts are a gift by former greatest artists to the new and still unknown artists, and to contemporary art in future as a valuable part of human evolution.
All collected quotes and statements are alphabetically organized in the left menu; the modern and contemporary art movements, described in short texts, you find in the right menu.
I hope you will appreciate and enjoy the job I did recent years, in searching in art-libraries, collecting and editing the quotes, and please mail your comments or suggestions to improve or extend this collection.
When you enjoy some artists quotes, please share them with others, on Facebook, Google +1 or Twitter; see the buttons on each page.
FONS HEIJNSBROEK
Why collecting modern art statements, life facts, comments, theory, concepts and ideas of the famous ARTISTS and greatest PAINTERS in contemporary art, and 19th – 20th century art history?
The famous modern artists with their quotes and statements express very well each artist’s individual and characteristic effort to create their paintings and sculptures art. Their ideas and concepts show the very personal view and philosophy, the inspirations and goals for each individual artist. Moreover the quotes together build a huge modern art history from within! I selected mainly the modern artists of 19th & 20th century and from contemporary art. I used all kind of artists letters, writings, interviews, talks and diary, notes, writings and spoken information about life and biography as sources.
As a Dutch contemporary painter artist myself – living and creating in Amsterdam city – I and my art friends were reading the artists statements, concepts, debates and comments we could find eagerly and frequently. So we could discover their pure ideas, inspirations, goals, techniques and methods, often merely used as illustrations or just ‘facts’ in the art history books – in the midst of a lot of theory and private statements by the art writer, critic himself or herself. Many were very sincere but used the artist ideas merely to prove their concepts and reflections on modern art history. The best art critics went to see the artists in their studio like Greenberg did and Sylvester, Karen Wilkin and the Dutch art critic Bendien, and expressed this in interviews or long talks.
When we started to collect the quotes and statements just for our private use, we stripped them at once; we ‘cleaned’ them from the rest of the text parts of the art book. By doing so the sound of the artist quotes became stronger and more clear; their ideas and comments got a much stronger – frequently a completely different meaning! We saw that the artist quotes now started to create new connections with other statements of the artist or with familiar artists as for instance between the American artists Rothko, Newmann and Gottlieb who cooperated a lot in grounding their modern Romantic painting approach, but who also had mutual different views and opinions. Still their regular exchanges of ideas and theory on art history meant a huge force and strong inspiration for each of them, as you can recognize in their writings and work notes.
It appeared to us – contemporary painters in Amsterdam city – very quickly that many modern artists refer frequently to the ideas, comments or concepts made by former, earlier artists, because they use former artist’s thoughts and writings (but of course also the developed theory, inventions or philosophy notes by scientists, monks (meister Eckhardt by Marsden Hartley), philosophers (Schopenhauer by Bram van Velde and Buadelaire -or take the strong impact of the French philosopher Bergson on Futurism – and Einstein’s new light and space-theory on Kandinsky’s art and writings) as an inspiration and as fuel for creating their own contemporary art.
Most impressive for me are the long lines and waves through art history. For instance this one: is how the greatest French modern painter Cézanne adored classical and romantic painters; For what reasons; you find it in his talks he gave late in his life to Gascet, a young poet. Cezanne adored the paintings of the great classical painters Poussin, Chardin and Courbet, partly because of their strong and steady compositions in form. He learned this viewpoint from them and the sensual impressionism from his ‘art teacher and painter-companion’ Pisarro. Cezanne made a great synthesis out of the two sources in his landscape paintings. Two decades later, the starting Cubist artists Picasso and Braque, on their turn picked up Cézanne’s statements on form and nature, as necessary fuel to realize a new modern art theory and practice: Cubism. And just a years later it were the great Futurist painters in Paris who publicized their firm and modern comments and critics on developed Cubism; Severini and Boccioni accused the Cubist painters of producing ‘static old-fashioned, classical’ art. It is really touching and very refreshing to read these long lines and waves through art history, and there are many more discover.
To read the artist quotes helped us – contemporary starting artists in Amsterdam – to understand the creative field in which modern art arouse and still arises; it improved our understanding of the grow and historical meaning of the impact of modern art styles and art movements as Dada and De Stijl, with their rigid aspirations and visual their comments on art. This inspired us to go on discovering the roots and ideas we found in the thoughts and exchanges of ideas by former artist, to discover their precarious presumptions and reflections on modern painting and sculpture.
As contemporary painters in Amsterdam we frequently used the collected modern artist with their quotes and statements in our own debates, as tools for discussing, explaining or criticizing our recently developed comments and ideas on our own art works and methods; it helped us to correct and sharpen our personal approach and to compensate our loneliness in the search for the new.
Soon (circa 2002) I got the idea that the collected modern famous artist quotes could also be valuable information for just interested people and for other starting artists or art students. In fact they are useful for all people fascinated by modern art history and by artists ideas and thinking of the 19th and 20th century. The quoted artists – men or women – in their private writings, diary and talks – give us a good look into the ‘Kitchen of art’. Their ideas and theory are very closely connected to their ‘making of’ modern art, and to the creative force and inspiration itself they experience in creation; they give us an animated view on the recent history of visual arts.
History and background of collecting the modern famous artist quotes, statements and theory of the greatest painters
Fons Heijnsbroek
It was around 2002 that for the first time I heard about Jacob Bendien’s writings and information on modern painting and the new art movements in the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century. Bendien was a Dutch painter and drawer, living and creating his art in Amsterdam; he generated a lot of private reflections in short writings and developed by the years a lot of short art philosophy notes on contemporary art and surrounding artists in the world of modern art in Europe during a short life. So he followed the recent painting of Mondrian very accurate and could recognize the slightest changes and shifts in Mondrian’s painting. You could say, Bendien knew Mondrian’s art better / less rigid, as Mondrian did himself; because the anthroposophic theory forced Mondrian a lot around 1912 – 14. Bendien protected the painter Mondrian against the thinking and reflecting Mondrian who needed rigid theory to ground his new art. Bendien died young from tuberculosis around 1933 in Amsterdam Jacob Bendien as a Dutch artist is still not very famous nowadays; his writings, art theory, reflections and his created artworks are rather unknown to most people, even in the Netherlands. Happily in coming years there will be an exhibition of Bendien’s painting and drawing artworks in the museum of Arnhem, in the Netherlands.
Circa 2001 somebody told me about the life of Jacob Bendien and his essays, and that Bendien had become the meaning of a clear voice and strong inspiration for many Dutch artists in the start of 20th century;also for some young art critics around Bendien in Amsterrdam, like the later Dutch museum art director, famous for his art writings and essays on modern sculpture; Hammacher.
Bendiens ideas, theory, art philosophy and his short writings on contemporary art history (circa 1920 – 1935) should be attractive to others because they were clear, concentrated and independent. This I couldn’t believe directly, because the name of Jacob Bendien was unfamiliar to me, being an interested starting artist myself, and Bendien was also completely unknown in the surrounding art scene in Amsterdam I was living and working in.
Then I heard of a recently published biography on the life of art critic Hammacher, written by Peter de Ruiter (art history teacher at the Groningen University – ten years he worked on it, a hell of a job!!) and I started to read his book. It taught me a lot about the artistic ideas and the art concepts in the Netherlands of the 20th century – before World War 2 and the decade after it. But most important: I read some pages about the unknown Jacob Bendien! And indeed, the man appeared to be an inspirational voice in modern art for many famous Dutch artists and art critics, during his life. Even now in 2002 he started to give inspiration to myself, 60 years later.
Why? What was so fascinating, so special? I found the only art book he has written at the end of his short life, dictating it from his bed, because he suffered tuberculosis. This book was the last gift he gave to the world. I was fascinated because the method of writing by Bendien was what I recognized in linking on the internet. His texts were build up in a way that all kind of contemporary artists and visual art works from his time got connected, not merely in theory but very vividly and with a lot of expressive power. He could connect Futurist artists with comments of Cubist painters and this vice versa. So he did frequently in his texts and writings, always referring to other movements in art or discoveries made by other artists on other places like in South German Blaue Reiter, or by Fernand Leger in Purism, after his cubist period. He gave me the impressions that the history of art is a kind of huge animal; in it everything is livingly connected with the other segments, and interacting and exchanging. The Futurist went to live in Paris, and debated there with Appolinaire. Malevich departed from rigid constructivists like Lissitsky and got strongly inspired by Italian Futurist (read his quotes). Etc.. etc… And this is going on and on in Bendien’s rather small art book on ‘Contemporary Painting Art’ with so many comparisons, referring. It gave me a feeling of the development of the history of modern art as one huge moving, living, breathing, secretly and inward developing animal, growing and growing, with many heads. And it did frighten me; it was fascinating me.
The very ground for it is probably that Jacob Bendien developed just for himself an unbelievable clear reflection on his own art, just by learning from the information and all the new theory of the contemporary new art surrounding him and his art paws. This all was generated by the many fresh developed modern art movements in Italy, Russia, Germany and in France, with all the styles which came to life and started to shout at the end of 19th century and the first two decades of beginning 20th century. For instance Futurism, Dada, Cubism, famous and great artists as Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Piet Mondrian, Hans Arp, Kandinsky, etc. whom he liked to quote frequently in his later publications. Here was located by one man all that different roots and tracks of the birth of modern art, which started at first with Impressionism and Paul Cézanne.And Jacob Bendien was a living searching and discovering young witness of all of the famous artist voices circa 1920 – 1935, at first in the Netherlands, later a few years painting and living in art city Paris, like Mondrian, Hartley, Boccioni, Severini, Gabo and many others; and later back in Holland again, where Bendien continued his reflections, and painted and wrote down his philosophy and thoughts on modern art movements!
Jacob Bendien’s ideas and philosophy on the development of modern art and his characteristic use of famous artists quotes, statements and theory notes, as basic ground for his art history concepts, reflections and comments
So Bendien lived and worked in Paris around 1913, as many young European (and some American artists like Marsden Hartley and Edward Hopper) did: Mondrian, Picabia, Miro, Chagall, van Doesburg, Arp, Soutine and Picasso, at that time. Paris was the famous art city full of inspiration for modern art for the young artists; there they found lively debates between for instance the art theories and statements of the Futurists, and Cubism theory, as expressed by Appolinaire and Orfism of Delaunay. There Bendien saw fresh Cubism art exhibited in the art galleries and he discussed with fellow-artists about such statements as ‘abstract or concrete art’, which was rather new and modern in those days.
I decided to search for and to read the only large Bendien writing (except some short but fabulous essays on Mondrian painting art ), the art book he has written about modern contemporary Painting art: (published after his death): “Richtingen in de Hedendaagsche Schilderkunst”, (= “Trends in Contemporary Painting Arts”), W.L. & J. Brusse N.V. Rotterdam, The Netherlands. In Bendien’s writings and essays everything in art is connected as in a texture! Everything was connected with everything! Bendien distinguished and compared all modern art movements with their statements, manifests and art concepts in a very clarifying way without favouring one above the other. I noticed by his descriptions of the new art movements that Bendien was a real part of them, together with all the other artists who were searching for mutual inspiration, ideas and comments. But Bendien had the special gift to embrace them all as material for his permanent art research.
By Bendien I realized for the first time in my life that every artist in his or her artworks is first of all participating in art life, in a real segment of life as normal people everywhere do. They don’t live in a theory ghetto of art history! They don’t live in art concepts, theories or ideas, but they develop these themselves as a necessary tool to create their modern recent artworks in material as well as by means of theory, statements, manifests, talks and debates with other artists, to reach clear or developed views and ideas on their art.
Despite his firm critical arrangement of the text material on the modern art movements, styles and artists with all their conflicts and contrasts, Bendien offered by his writings also a lot of fine texture between them. He was unbelievable keen in showing the interrelations between the art movements and illustrated these mutual influences with inspirational quotes, ideas, theory and history facts about the movements, their artists and their created modern art. Bendien distillate in his essays and writings all kinds of connections between the modern art movements and their famous artists painterswho participated in them. So it is Cubism – attacked firmly by the greatest Futurist Italian artists Boccioni and Severini – debating with Futurism, and with Dada; Constructivism in its turn is in discussion with the artist painter Bendien himself, as well as with the more subtle Suprematism artist Kazimir Malevich.
Bendien, himself an powerful artist, was ‘discussing in verbally and in pictures’ frequently with Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg and their theory and concept of the Dutch De Stijl art movement; probably the three artists were very close in their art concepts, but at the same time very different because Bendien wanted to maintain an emotionally recognizable figuration in his own drawings and paintings, as his own quotes and titles illustrate very well.
When Bendien became physically very weak because of his tuberculosis during the last years of his short life, he stayed in Amsterdam and the people who took care for him brought the fresh smelling new paintings of Mondrian directly from Paris. Lying in his bed Bendien could study the oil color smelling paintings and he was discovering every detail in them. He looked for hours on end, lying in bed and watching Mondrian’s inspirational paintings in the modern primary colors yellow, blue, red, white and black!
When people like Hammacher came to visit him, Bendien taught his ‘pupils’ (several became later famous Dutch art history theoreticians) how to study closely and carefully these great, fresh-smelling paintings of Mondrian as well as the other modern famous artists. He inspired them to examine the materials very closely, the applied techniques, the division in forms, dynamics and color contrasts, the constructive, compositional and also the spiritual ideas and concepts embodied in them. I am convinced that Bendien was the one and only artist in the Netherlands those days who had a nearly complete understanding of Mondrian’s art during his life; so he could even defend the great painter Mondrian against the harsh and rather dogmatic and rude theorist Mondrian with his many ‘absolute’ notions in his theories and concepts, together wilt Van Doesburg. Bendien made a very independent reflections on art, so he could also criticize the famous Mondrian and recognized very sharply the consequences in limitations by the choices Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg made in their rigid art concept of the – rather absolute – abstract De Stijl art movement.
Bendien taught me how to discover good quality famous modern artist quotes, comments and statements of the contemporary greatest painters
Bendien had a broad and open view on modern art history, by reflecting on the contemporary art movements of his days. He appreciated most of the new art movements during his life, because of their typical character, which he described in his writings by means of the artistic ideas, manifests, and statements, expressing these art movements, written or spoken. So I found the first great artist quotes for myself, but I didn’t realized I would collect and edit them over a few years for myself on this website, in English language. We also translated his descriptions of the meanings and significance of all the modern art movements and their influence in art history. What I gradually started to realize was that I wanted to share my experiences with Bendien. His writings are old-fashioned in language but still fresh and modern in ideas and art information and facts.
Bendien’s art-book was old indeed, but for me very inspirational and clarifying in the reflections, art ideas, the mentioned artist quotes and the art theory. However no recent reprint of his writings was still available in the Netherlands, only a few books of him in art- librairies. So I bought one book and decided to select the typical quotes from his texts by which I wanted to portray the new modern art movements in his view ! I already published them in 2003 in Dutch language on the Dutch art website ‘DeKunsten’ (TheArts), which is visited by all kind of people; frequently by scholars, young students and teachers in art history, but also elderly people with a lot of free time. We have now started the English version of Bendien, as you can fins in this website, in the menu on the right see.
By selecting the art quotes of the famous artists I realized how powerful and inspirational art quotes can be for many more people, as a revelation of the roots of modern art. One personal important example; becoming an abstract painter for myself I got very touched by the way Kandinsky described in his inspiring auto-biography how he– already an experienced painter– ‘discovered’ the first ‘abstract’ painting he saw in his life, when he came home one night. There he found one of his own recent paintings standing on the floor, with its back to the wall, but upside down. So he couldn’t recognize his own painting. But he loved it while watching it over and over again. He was really completely astonished! With a sudden shock he realized he saw an ‘Abstract’ painting – made by himself without knowing and wanting this – for the very first time in his life. Kandinsky knew for sure he had hit upon something completely new and important. This was one unbelievable inspiring moment in history of modern art, ‘just by an accident’ but with strong impact on other modern artists. This kind of famous artists and painters quotes are – I believe – like stars or diamonds in history of art and so inspirational for others.
I remember also Calder, the famous inventor of the concept of ‘mobiles’, who came to visit Mondrian in his atelier in Paris and suggested the already famous abstract painter to ‘hang his paintings in the air’, so they would move and drawl and would consequently function much more dynamic. Calder was very seriously, his remark followed his own theory and statements on the spatial aspects of modern art. It was for the very first time that a painting would have a floating existence; but Mondrian refused.
Or take this clarifying great moment that the old and well-experienced painter Mondrian lived in New York and saw the abstract early paintings of the contemporary young woman artist of abstract ExpressionismLee Krasner (married with Jackson Pollock) and could recognized in her paintings art an important abstract woman painter. Later he advised Peggy Gugggenheim to show the wild drippings of Pollock as well. And take this moment of important mutual art reflections by a famous American abstract-expressionism painter and an art critic. Willem de Kooning, was working a whole year already to accomplish his first famous ‘Woman’ painting, but he could not finish it; he went on and on. And there was Sapiro, a famous art teacher on the University who heard some rumours and decided one day to visit De Koonings studio. Nobody knows what happened there inside and what the two were talking about. But one day later ‘The woman’ was suddenly finished! And many more ‘Women’-paintings followed soon. What were they talking about? We don’t know their quotes. Nobody knows their words, but they produced result! Talking on art produced the finishing touch of a painting. The first and most famous ‘Woman’ painting, made in De Koonings life, was suddenly finished; its appearance resulted later in intensive and energetic art debates among the artists of the New York School moving between abstract and representation. So artist statements, reflections, debates and ideas – when expressed – can work out!
I believe these collected quotes of modern greatest artists and contemporary famous painters in 19th and 20th century art history will inspire us again, and of course in many different ways! Art is unpredictable!
Fons Heijnsbroek
- images of Jacob Bendien’s art on Google
- Bendien’s art in Central Museum, Utrecht
Famous quoted modern artists and greatest contemporary painters, names on alphabet – with their statements and art concepts: 19th / 20th century art history + biography information
sources: artist writings, interviews, letters, journals, diary, concepts, journals, methods, essays, philosophy, reflections on art, talks, thoughts; their notes on creating modern paintings & sculptures
- [A] artist names beginning with A.
* Josef AlbersGerman / American painter , famous for his color theory and compositions in his paintings, important art teacher at the Bauhaus and later at the Black Mountain College – with pupils as the young abstract-expressionist contemporary artists Twombley, Frankenthaler, Rauschenberg a.o.; first half of 20th century.
* Carl Andre, Minimalism artist quotes from his talks with the public and interviews, his reflections and concepts on the role of sculpture art in society by the contemporary American minimalist sculptor; 20th century
* Hans / Jean Arp, 20th century Swiss / French modern Dadaism sculptor and poet -ist with Dada statements and life notes about cooperating with Schwitters, Sophie Tauber and Theo van Doesburg, and his ideas from art essays, and writings important in art history; biography facts: sculptor, creating modern abstract sculpture and graphic art in Dada, later in French Surrealism
- [B]artist names beginning with B.
* Giacomo Balla quotes and diary notes on painting by the early 20th century Futurist painter Giacomo Balla, Italian Futurism; great art teacher of Carra and Severini; early 20th century
* William Baziotesmodern 20th century painter of the modern New York School art movement with his statements and reflections on painting and biography facts: great ‘abstract surrealist’ painter in American Abstract Expressionism and moreover an important art teacher
* Max Beckmann, famous German 20th century painter with his art quotes, reflections and notes on painting art, with some biography and life facts: painter in German Expressionism; Beckmann was creating a. o. a lot of modern mythical triptychs paintings like Argonauts of The Night. .
* Joseph Beuys, famous German 20th century artist with his art and life quotes, interviews, art essays, statements and comments on his Social Sculpture concept and ‘Fat-objects’, writings; biography facts: modern sculptor, performer, writer and art teacher; German Fluxus generation 1960s; important figure in art history
* Umberto BoccioniItalian painter with his art and life quotes and firm Futurist statements, theory and critic comments with art history facts on Paris’ Cubism. Boccioni was important co-editor of the famous Futurist Manifest of Painters: early 20th painter and sculptor in Italian Futurism, active in art theory debates with Cubism artists in Paris
* Georges Braque, famous French 20th century artist with his life notes on the history of Cubism he founded with Picasso and development and cubist art concepts and ideas and Cubist painting; biography facts; first half of 20th century.
* André BretonFrench 20th century poet and writer – founder of Surrealism – artist with his Surrealist art notes, concepts and theory on the phenomena the ‘Surreal’ and automatic writing / painting as important methods of Surrealism, taken from his famous Surrealist Manifest
- [C] artist names beginning with C.
